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| 槽式配水 |
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| 發布時間： 2023-03-29 18:57:39 被閱覽數： 279 次 來源：
江蘇金航冷卻塔有限公司 |
| 文字 〖 大 中 小 〗
自動滾屏（右鍵暫停） |
槽式配水，目前仍是國內噴霧冷卻塔中主要的配水方式。如 圖4-4所示，為一個豎井的自然通風逆流式冷卻塔中常用的 槽式配水布置。水槽斷面為矩形，用鋼筋混凝土制成。分主水槽、分水槽及配水槽三級配水，也可以是兩級。主水槽和豎井連接，然后將水逐級配到分水槽、配水槽，再通過安裝在這些水槽底部的噴頭將水灑到填料上。
水(shui)槽(cao)的布置原則是配水(shui)均勻，水(shui)頭損(sun)失小(xiao)，對(dui)氣(qi)流的阻力小(xiao)，便于維修。為(wei)了(le)配水(shui)均勻，槽(cao)內(nei)(nei)水(shui)面必須(xu)保持基本水(shui)平，因(yin)此(ci)對(dui)槽(cao)內(nei)(nei)流速(su)應(ying)(ying)加限制(zhi)。主(zhu)水(shui)槽(cao)內(nei)(nei)起(qi)始(shi)(shi)斷面設計流速(su) 釆(bian)用(yong)(yong)0. 8〜1. 2m/s；配水(shui)槽(cao)內(nei)(nei)起(qi)始(shi)(shi)斷面設計流速(su)釆(bian)用(yong)(yong)0- 5〜 0- 8m/so為(wei)了(le)減小(xiao)水(shui)頭損(sun)失，在(zai)水(shui)槽(cao)轉折(zhe)處應(ying)(ying)采用(yong)(yong)圓(yuan)角平順 銜接(jie)、并使轉彎盡量小(xiao)于90。。根據試(shi)驗結果，槽(cao)內(nei)(nei)水(shui)深應(ying)(ying)大于6倍噴嘴直徑，才能保證在(zai)噴嘴入口處水(shui)面平穩，不產生旋(xuan)渦(wo)。
冷卻塔一般由兩臺水泵供水，但在春秋季節，水量小于設計值，經常是一臺水泵供水；冬季也可能兩機一塔，塔內 水量將大于設計水量。為適應水量的變化，當小水量時，應保證槽內水深不小于6倍噴嘴直徑，且不應小于15cm。大水 量時，保證水槽不溢水，所以設計超高不應小于10cmD
水槽一般水平設置，運行時一般水面沿程升高，但變化不大。為了便于施工和清理，槽寬不宜小T 12cm0
若按上述限制流速的情況，槽內水位高程變化不大、則可以不進行配水槽的水力計算。文獻〔39〕中給出了槽、管結 合的配水試驗結果。塔的淋水面積為4000m2，總水量為 30000m3/h,配水分內、外兩圈。內圈用槽式配水，水量為 13000m7h；外圈用管式配水，配水量為17000m3/h。這里介 紹內圈槽式配水的試驗結果，管式配水的試驗結果下節介紹。
內圈淋水面積為1730m2,設置一個中央豎井，用16條輻射狀主水槽與豎井相連，槽寬50cm,高度為93cm,長2D.7m, 主水槽之間連以配水槽，配水槽共18條，間距L15m，槽寬 14cm,高50cmO配水槽底比主水槽底高28cm,見圖4-5。圖中繪岀塔淋水面積的1/16。在配水槽底部安裝噴嘴，噴嘴間距不等，以1.15m為主。單個噴嘴泄水量，在靜壓頭60cm 水柱時為10.lm3/h0
模型取一個主水槽的供水范圍，即中心角為22。30‘的淋水范圍，模型長度比尺為1 : 5。豎井用磚砌成，主水槽用紅 松木，配水槽用白鐵皮制成，噴嘴用紫銅管，如圖4-6所示。 模型水槽斷面見圖4・7。
以噴(pen)(pen)嘴(zui)岀口(kou)高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)為零(ling)點，分別控制豎井(jing)(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位為0. 4、0. 5、 0.6、0. 65m（都(dou)換算到(dao)(dao)原體值），測量主(zhu)(zhu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)槽(cao)(cao)沿(yan)中(zhong)線(xian)及槽(cao)(cao)邊的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面線(xian)、配(pei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)槽(cao)(cao)沿(yan)中(zhong)線(xian)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面線(xian)及各噴(pen)(pen)嘴(zui)的泄流(liu)(liu)量“測量結果給岀，豎井(jing)(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位6m時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，主(zhu)(zhu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)槽(cao)(cao)起(qi)(qi)始段流(liu)(liu)速(su)9=0. 73m/s, 中(zhong)段流(liu)(liu)速(su) w0.49m/s,配(pei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)槽(cao)(cao)最(zui)大(da)流(liu)(liu)速(su)2m/s0在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位 0.4、0.5、0.6, 0.65m時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，主(zhu)(zhu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)槽(cao)(cao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面沿(yan)程(cheng)均升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)，槽(cao)(cao)內(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui) 深小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)大(da)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深大(da)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)小。中(zhong)線(xian)上，豎井(jing)(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位0.65m 106時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)約1. 5cm；水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位 0. 4m時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)約2. Ocm0當 豎井(jing)(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位降到(dao)(dao)0.35m時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，在(zai)(zai) 主(zhu)(zhu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)槽(cao)(cao)最(zui)遠(yuan)端的幾個配(pei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)槽(cao)(cao) 的末端，噴(pen)(pen)嘴(zui)進口(kou)處岀現(xian)旋(xuan) 渦;水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位降到(dao)(dao)0. 26m時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，遠(yuan) 端配(pei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)槽(cao)(cao)開(kai)始斷水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。沿(yan)主(zhu)(zhu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)槽(cao)(cao)邊壁，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面線(xian)起(qi)(qi)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)變化，在(zai)(zai) 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)(liu)進入(ru)配(pei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)槽(cao)(cao)處，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面下降，過配(pei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)槽(cao)(cao)后水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)，然后沿(yan)程(cheng)逐(zhu)漸升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)，直到(dao)(dao)下一個配(pei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)槽(cao)(cao)處，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面又降低(di)。槽(cao)(cao)內(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深大(da)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面起(qi)(qi)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)小，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面起(qi)(qi)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)大(da)。中(zhong)線(xian)上水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面沿(yan)程(cheng)起(qi)(qi)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)規律不太明顯。
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